Below is a sample outline and a well-developed single cause leading to multiple effects essay in APA 7th ed. on the topic: “The Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health.” This sample is intended to help students write better essays.
Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health Essay
Sample Cause and Effect Essay Outline
- Introduction
- Hook: Begin with a startling statistic on air pollution or its presence in urban areas.
- Background Information: Provide an overview of the pervasive issue of air pollution and its sources.
- Thesis Statement: Present the main argument that air pollution has multiple adverse effects on human health, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, reduced life expectancy, and increased healthcare costs.
- Body Paragraphs: Effects
- Respiratory Problems
- Topic Sentence (Effect 1): Air pollution is a major contributor to respiratory problems in humans.
- Explanation (Effect 1): Describe how pollutants like particulate matter and ground-level ozone can irritate the respiratory system.
- Evidence: Cite medical studies or reports linking air pollution to conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung infections.
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Topic Sentence (Effect 2): Air pollution is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
- Explanation (Effect 2): Discuss how exposure to pollutants can lead to inflammation, arterial plaque buildup, and increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.
- Evidence: Cite research findings highlighting the association between air pollution and cardiovascular health problems.
- Reduced Life Expectancy
- Topic Sentence (Effect 3): Prolonged exposure to air pollution can significantly reduce life expectancy.
- Explanation (Effect 3): Explain how the cumulative effects of pollution-related health issues can lead to premature death.
- Evidence: Provide statistics or studies demonstrating the correlation between air quality and life expectancy in polluted areas.
- Conclusion
- Restate Thesis: Summarize the main argument that air pollution has severe effects on human health, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, reduced life expectancy, and increased healthcare costs.
- Summary: Recap the key points made in the body paragraphs, emphasizing the multifaceted impact of air pollution on individuals and society.
- Call to Action: Encourage readers to consider the importance of addressing air pollution through regulations, cleaner technologies, and lifestyle changes to safeguard public health.
- Closing Statement: End with a thought-provoking statement about the urgent need to combat air pollution for the well-being of present and future generations.
